Upper-Limb Osseointegration: Connections on a Higher Plane
Judith Philipps Otto
October 1, 2025
That differences exist between lower- and upper-limb osseointegration (OI) processes surprises no one. Although by definition upper- and lower-limb OI systems both attach the prosthesis directly to the bone, avoiding the use of a socket, weight bearing lower-limb prostheses have fewer and less complex functions to perform than are expected, even demanded, from an upper-limb device. In addition, surgical techniques and augmentations may differ, as do rehabilitation and training processes and timeframes. We asked prosthetists, therapists, and researchers how the upper-limb OI experience is different and how developments in control methods offer the potential to improve users’ outcomes.
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