The main parameters of normal adult gait are well documented and widely taught in healthcare. For many in the O&P profession, Gait Analysis: Normal & Pathological Function by Jacquelin Perry is a foundational text that introduces the hallmarks of adult ambulation. Similarly, clinicians specializing in pediatric care are familiar with developmental gait, the study of the progression of changes in children’s walking. They have been trained to watch their young patients meet age-appropriate milestones such as walking without assistance, the ability to balance on one leg, and finally achieving heel-to-toe propulsive gait.
Gait analysis in older adults also deserves special attention and requires a nuanced understanding of normal locomotion and the physiological changes associated with aging. Perry’s work provides one benchmark against which deviations are assessed. Generally, normal gait is efficient, energy-conserving, and predictable, whereas geriatric gait reflects adaptive strategies in response to declining physiology, pain, comorbidities, and other challenges.
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