A child models an early version prototype exoskeleton built with a 3D printer, overlaid with blueprints at various design stages. Photograph courtesy of the University of Houston.
A University of Houston (UH) engineer has received funding to create a pediatric exoskeleton, designed to help children with spinal cord injuries and other mobility disorders walk. The exoskeletons will be customized and designed to grow as the child grows, said Jose Luis Contreras-Vidal, PhD, the Hugh Roy and Lillie Cranz Cullen Distinguished Professor of electrical and computer engineering.
Contreras-Vidal develops algorithms that read electrical activity in the brain and translate it into movement, using a subject’s thoughts about movement to power robotic exoskeletons, bionic hands, and other assistive devices. This brain-machine interface (BMI) works by collecting information through sensors attached to the outside of the scalp, rather than requiring they be surgically implanted. He has worked extensively with adults, helping people with paralysis or other physical impairments stand up and walk using robotic exoskeletons. One of his systems is in clinical trials at Houston Methodist Hospital. However, children pose special challenges, and simply shrinking an adult exoskeleton will not work. Currently, there are no pediatric exoskeletons that allow children to walk independently.
An exoskeleton for children has to be sturdy but lightweight-researchers plan to use a carbon fiber composite-and highly maneuverable, compared with the slower and heavier devices used for adults. It also has to be fun.
“Children are playful,” Contreras-Vidal said, and the exoskeleton needs to help them interact with other children. “We don’t want this to be a barrier. We want it to be a tool for the child.”
Mission Connect, founded by the TIRR Foundation in 1997 to promote neurotrauma research, is funding the work through a $100,000 award; the UH Foundation provided a $50,000 matching grant.
Work has already been under way in Contreras-Vidal’s Laboratory for Noninvasive Brain-Machine Interface Systems. Researchers started with a 3D printer to inexpensively produce a series of prototypes as they considered how each piece would fit the child, how it could be expanded as the child grew, and what it would require to allow the most natural movements.
Children with spinal cord injuries face some issues adults don’t, including the risk of skeletal deformities caused by still-growing bones in an immobile body. Contreras-Vidal said that’s both a complication and an opportunity, because being upright and regaining mobility could ease some conditions. He hopes to begin testing the devices with children next year, leading to clinical trials and commercial production. He is applying to federal agencies to support advanced development and clinical trials.
His exoskeleton work with adults has relied heavily on the BMI, allowing the user to determine movements simply by thinking. But the first pediatric exoskeletons will likely use sensors; later versions may use a myoelectric system that depends on residual muscle activity. Ultimately, however, they, too, would be powered by algorithms derived from the children’s own brainwaves.
Editor’s note: This story was adapted from materials provided by the University of Houston.
